![]() ![]() Due to prolonged inflammation, especially when the chancre is located on the lower extremities, lymphatic and venous insufficiency, elephantiasis, recurrent erysipelas may form. Purulent inflammatory processes often develop – staphylococcal impetigo and streptococcal ectima. The most common complications of pinta are the consequences of skin and mucous lesions: hair loss and graying, focal atrophy, hyperkeratosis (thickening and coarsening of the skin, the appearance of cracks on the palms and soles). There is a paling of spots on the affected areas up to the formation of extensive areas of vitiligo. Again, there is an increase in itching and pronounced peeling of the skin. The latent period of the pinta lasts three or more years, after which the tertiary stage of the disease occurs. The skin on the body and nails are thinning, in the area of the soles and palms, on the contrary, there are areas of thickening, excessive keratinization, cracks. Over time, the spots become less pronounced, skin areas with elements turn pale. Fever, enlargement of lymph nodes, inflammation of lymphatic vessels is possible.Įspecially often the skin and mucous membranes of the genitals, the perianal area are affected. Due to severe itching, patients comb the affected areas, which increases the likelihood of complications. Externally, the rash looks like polymorphic with a combination of spots, bumps and bubbles forming extensive draining wet areas on the skin. Pintids are highly contagious, since spirochetes are located inside them. At first, the disappearance of the primary affect and the appearance of pintides – a secondary widespread rash is noted. The secondary period of the pinta occurs six months or more from the moment of infection. Usually the chancres are located on open areas of the skin – wrists, elbows and ankles, contain a lot of treponemes. After 3-6 weeks, a pink spot with pronounced peeling appears on the site of the chancre. Numerous daughter (smaller) chancres form around the primary affect, which look like spots and nodes prone to fusion. In the zone of introduction of bacteria into the body, a pinto-like chancre is formed, similar to a tubercle, pain and burning are subjectively felt. The incubation period of an infectious disease is 6-8 weeks. Also, numerous lymphocytic perivascular infiltrates are characteristic of the late stages of the disease. The elements of the rash (pintids) may differ pathohistologically: psoriasis-like rashes are characterized by parakeratosis, acanthosis late lesions combine hypochromic foci due to atrophy and lack of melanin in the epidermis and hyperchromic, characterized by excessive accumulation of melanophages in the dermis. The inflammatory focus is formed from neutrophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells, waste products and decay of bacteria. PathogenesisĪfter penetration through the damaged skin and mucous membranes, the spirochetes begin to actively multiply at the site of introduction. Studies of treponematoses have shown that due to the similarity of the pathogens of pinta and syphilis in people with HIV infection, a generalized course of pinta and brain damage is possible, a combination of two treponemal infections is often found. Risk factors are considered to be a decrease in immunity, hyperhidrosis, a change in the pH of the skin towards an alkaline reaction. Risk groups for the disease are children, adolescents, agricultural workers, residents of tropical zones and slums. The sexual route of pinta transmission is described, but has no significant significance for the spread of the disease. The transmissible mechanism of infection has been proven – with the bites of bedbugs, mosquitoes and midges. Transmission of infection is possible through contact with an infected person and with skin injuries. The microorganism lives on the surface of fruits, vegetables and plants, in the soil. The causative agent of treponematosis is the spirochete bacterium Treponema carateum herrejoni. ![]() The disease does not have a clear seasonality and gender characteristics. The regions of greatest prevalence are Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and Honduras, cases of pinta registration have been reported in Asia and Africa. In the last century, it was believed that pinta was caused by a fungus, only in 1927 the Spanish scientist Harreyon isolated spirochetes, which differed in their morphological properties from the pathogens of syphilis. The first written mention of the disease dates back to the XVI century, were left by the Aztecs and Spanish conquistadors. Pinta is a treponematosis endemic to Latin America. ![]()
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